A New Risk Scoring System to Predict Malignancy in Gallbladder Polyps: a Single-Center Study.

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonography (US) is the most commonly used radiological method in the diagnosis of gallbladder polyps (GBPs). Patients diagnosed with GBPs on US are operated on with risk factors that do not have a high level of evidence. Our aim in this study is to determine the sensitivity of US in diagnosis GBPs, to define risk factors for neoplastic (NP) polyps, and to develop the risk scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2011 and July 2021, 173 patients who were found to have GBPs in the pathology specimens after cholecystectomy were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: nonneoplastic and NP groups. RESULTS: GBPs in patients who underwent abdominal US for any reason was 4.5%. The sensitivity of US in the diagnosis of GBPs was 56.6%. Comparison between groups, age ≥50, presence of symptoms, polyp size >12.5mm, single polyp, concomitant gallstones, and gallbladder wall thickness ≥4mm were statistically in the NP group. A risk scoring system was developed using these values. If the risk score was <4, 0.6% of GBPs was NP polyps. If the risk score was ≥4, 63.2% of GBPs were NP polyps. CONCLUSION: Our risk scoring system can prevent unnecessary choelcystectomy. Because the incidence of NP polyps in low-risk patients (risk score <4) is extremely rare.

Humeral shaft fractures secondary to hand grenade throwing.

A series of five cases were presented in which similar fractures of the shaft of the humerus occurred during the hand grenade throwing activity during the military education. All the fractures were in the 1/3 distal humeral shaft, and butterfly fragments were accompanying in two soldiers. All the fractures healed without any clinical complications with conservative treatment. The mechanism of the fracture is discussed with reference to the recent literature.

[Comparison of plate-screw fixation and intramedullary fixation with inflatable nails in the treatment of acute humeral shaft fractures]. / Akut humerus cisim kiriklarinin cerrahi tedavisinde plak vida ile sisebilen intramedüller çivi yöntemlerinin karsilastirilmasi.

OBJECTIVES: We compared the results of plate-screw fixation and intramedullary fixation with inflatable nails for the treatment of acute humeral diaphyseal fractures. METHODS: The study included 34 patients (20 females, 14 males; mean age 36.4 years; range 18 to 62 years) who were selected from patients treated with plate-screw fixation or inflatable intramedullary nails. The groups were matched for age, sex, severity of fracture, and the type of humeral fracture. Eighteen fractures were treated in each group. Classification of humeral fractures and open fractures were made according to the AO and Gustilo-Anderson systems, respectively. Functional evaluations were made at postoperative six and 12 months using Constant shoulder and Mayo elbow performance scores. All the patients were administered the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire at 12 months. The two groups were compared with respect to operation time, perioperative need for blood transfusion, time to union, complications, and shoulder and elbow functions. RESULTS: The mean operation time was significantly shorter (25.3 min vs 66.1 min; p<0.001) and the need for blood transfusion was significantly less (p=0.001) with inflatable intramedullary nails. Constant shoulder and Mayo elbow scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. Implant failure was only encountered with plate-screw fixation in three patients. Union problems were observed in five patients (3 plate-screw, 2 intramedullary nail). Following plate-screw fixation, two patients developed superficial infection, two patients developed transient radial paralysis. CONCLUSIONS: Inflatable intramedullary nails can be used safely in the treatment of acute humeral diaphyseal fractures without increasing union problems and complications.

Alternative reliable techniques in femoral torsion measurement.

The clinical and conventional bi-planar determinations of femoral torsion were compared with the tomographic technique, the reliability of which was confirmed. Femoral torsions were measured with the trochanteric prominence angle test, the sinus-wave bi-planar conventional radiographic technique, the modified Hermann bi-planar conventional radiographic technique and the limited three-dimensional volumetric tomography technique in 34 femora of 17 patients. There was a strong correlation between the modified Hermann and the limited tomography techniques for 14 intact and 20 fractured femora. If limited three-dimensional volumetric tomography cannot be obtained, the modified Hermann bi-planar conventional radiographic technique must be used in patients who have scarring about the proximal femur and obesity. Otherwise use of the trochanteric prominence angle test is much more cost-effective and is as accurate as the limited three-dimensional volumetric tomography technique.

[Short-term results of treatment of humeral and tibial fractures with new inflatable intramedullary nails]. / Sisirilebilen intramedüller çivi kullanilarak tedavi edilen humerus ve tibia diafiz kiriklarinda kisa dönem sonuçlar.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effectiveness of a new inflatable intramedullary nail system in the treatment of tibial and humeral fractures. METHODS: The study included seven patients (4 men, 3 women; mean age 37.5 years; range 27 to 48 years) whose humeral or tibial fractures were treated by new inflatable intramedullary nails. Five fractures were in the tibial diaphysis; three were humerus fractures. One patient had bilateral involvement. All tibial fractures and one humeral fracture were fresh, whereas two patients presented with delayed union. Treatment consisted of closed reduction and antegrade intramedullary nailing, with the addition of bone grafting in delayed unions. The patients were evaluated with regard to operation duration, healing periods, complications, and final clinical and radiologic findings. The mean follow-up period was 15.3 months (range 12 to 20 months). RESULTS: Operation time for both tibial and humeral fractures was less than that with other internal fixation techniques. The need for fluoroscopic monitoring decreased appreciably, as well. Healing times were similar to those of other intramedullary nailing systems. No complications occurred related to the use of the inflatable intramedullary nail system. CONCLUSION: The use of inflatable intramedullary nails may have significant implications in selected fractures, allowing easier stabilization of long bone fractures and saving valuable operation time.